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Consensus Layer ​

Moca Chain is built on the CometBFT (Cosmos/Tendermint) framework with Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatibility (through EVMOS) and integrates with its own decentralized data storage network (based on Binance Greenfield).

How Moca Chain works ​

The Moca Chain adopts a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanism based on CometBFT consensus to ensure network security. This consensus mechanism ensures network security while providing efficient block generation. On the Moca Chain chain, blocks are generated by a group of validators every 1 second, ensuring fast confirmation and processing of transactions.

Moca Coin ($MOCA) ​

In the Moca Chain ecosystem, the Moca serves as both the gas and governance token. As a gas token, Moca is used to pay for transaction fees and smart contract execution costs on the network. As a governance token, Moca holders can participate in the governance and decision-making process of the blockchain, promoting the decentralized development of the network.

Validators ​

Validators on the Moca Chain play a crucial role in the network's security and reliability, but their responsibilities go beyond that. Here are the key duties and functions of validators within the Moca Chain network:

  • Cross-Chain Event Consensus and Data Packet Relaying: Validators are responsible for reaching consensus on cross-chain events and relaying cross-chain data packets to other blockchains. This ensures the fast and secure execution of cross-chain transactions while minimizing costs.
  • Ensuring Data Integrity and Availability: Validators play an important role in ensuring the integrity and availability of data provided by Moca Chain Data Service Providers (MDSPs). They can challenge the availability of the data provided by service providers either specifically or randomly to detect potential malicious actors or underperforming providers. For such actors, validators can impose appropriate penalties, such as slashing their stakes, thereby maintaining the quality and reliability of services within the Moca Chain ecosystem.
  • Participation in Network Governance: Validators also play a key role in network governance. They participate in deciding the future direction of the Moca Chain ecosystem by voting and can adjust various network parameters as needed.

CometBFT PoS ​

In CometBFT, consensus is achieved through a voting process among validators—nodes responsible for proposing and validating blocks. Here's a step-by-step breakdown:

  1. Block Proposal and Voting Rounds: Validators take turns proposing blocks. Each block contains transactions that modify the chain's state, such as token transfers or data storage updates. Proposals are broadcast to the network, and validators vote in rounds: Prevote, Precommit, and Commit. A block is finalized if more than two-thirds of validators (by stake weight) precommit to it.

  2. Proof-of-Stake Mechanics: Validators stake $MOCA tokens to participate. The probability of being selected to propose a block is proportional to their stake. This incentivizes honest behavior, as malicious actions (e.g., double-signing) result in slashing—automatic deduction of staked tokens. Moca Chain produces blocks every (1) second, ensuring low latency and high throughput.

  3. Fault Tolerance: Tendermint tolerates up to one-third of validators being faulty or offline without halting the network. This BFT property makes it resilient against attacks, provided the majority of stake is held by honest validators.

This consensus model secures Moca Chain's two primary states: account balances (including $MOCA ledgers) and metadata for its object storage system. Transactions, such as uploading data to Moca Chain Storage Providers (MCSPs), directly impact these states, with validators ensuring integrity through consensus.